Hindi + IPT 

अ (a) = a in “car.”

आ (aa) = a in “father.”

ऐ (ai) = ai in “air.”

“भ” (bha) = b (a voiced aspirated bilabial sound with an added puff of air and voiced, making it different from a plain ‘b’ sound)

च (cha) = ch in “chat.”

छ (chha) = chh in “chhaya” (a Hindi word).

द (da) = d in “dog.”

ध (dha) = dh in “dharma.”

ड (ḍa) = d (Similar to the ‘ḍ’ sound.)

ढ (ḍha) = ḍh sound.

ए (e) = e in “bed.”

फ़ (fa): f (a aspirated ‘f’ sound, like the ‘f’ in “fish.” This letter is borrowed from Persian and is not native to Sanskrit but is used in loanwords.)

ग (ga) = g in “go.”

घ (gha) = gh in “ghost.”

अः (ah) = h (a nasal sound, pronounced like the ‘h’ in “ah.”)

इ (i) = i in “sit.”

ई (ii) ee in “beet.”

ज (ja) = j in “jam.”

झ (jha) = jh in “jhilmil” (a Hindi word).

क (ka) = k in “cat.”

ख (kha) = kh in “khaki.”

। (।) = This is the “danda” or “purna viram.” It’s used as a full stop or period in Hindi writing.

॥ (॥) = This is the “double danda” or “deergha viram.” It’s used to represent a longer pause, similar to a double colon or semicolon in English.

न (na) = n in “no.”

ण (ṇa) n (the sound unique in Hindi.)

अं (am) = ng (This is a nasal sound similar to the ‘ng’ in “song.”)

ओ (o) = o in “cot.”

औ (au) = ow in “cow.”

ऋ (ri) = ri (It’s a unique sound in Hindi, somewhat like the ‘ri’ in “riddle.”)

ॠ (rī) = ree (Similar to ऋ (ri), but a prolonged version.)

ड़ (ṛa) = r (a retroflex flap sound, somewhat similar to the ‘ṛ’ in “rare.”)

ढ़ (ṛha) = r (Similar to ड़ (ṛa), it’s a retroflex flap sound)

त (ta) = t in “top.”

थ (tha) = th in “think.”

ट (ṭa) = t (Similar to the ‘ṭ’ sound in Hindi.)

ठ (ṭha) = ṭh sound in Hindi.

उ (u) = u in “put.”

ऊ (uu) = oo in “moon.”

ज़ (za) = z (a voiced ‘z’ sound, like the ‘z’ in “zero.” Also borrowed from Persian and used in loanwords.)