Hypotheses and theories predicting future human evolution

6-Genetic Divergence and Speciation: Could Humans Split into New Species?

Many theories predict how human evolution might unfold. One intriguing possibility is genetic divergence, which could eventually lead to the emergence of new human species. This idea is rooted in evolutionary biology and fueled by modern developments like space travel and genetic engineering.

Hypothesis:
If human populations become genetically isolated—whether through environmental factors or intentional modification—they could diverge and form new species over time.

Details:
Speciation (the process by which new species evolve) usually requires two key conditions: isolation and distinct selective pressures. If humans colonize space, settle on planets like Mars, or modify themselves genetically for specific environments or abilities, these conditions could be met.

Potential scenarios include:

• Space colonists adapting to low gravity or radiation, developing different physical traits

• Genetic enhancements that create deep physical or cognitive differences between populations

• Cultural isolation reinforcing genetic separation and preferences

• Artificial selection where traits are chosen and replicated by design, not nature

Over many generations, isolated populations could become so different from one another that they are no longer biologically compatible—fulfilling the definition of new species.

While this process would take thousands of years, it aligns with how humans evolved from other hominins. Whether driven by nature or technology, genetic divergence could reshape what it means to be human.
If space colonization or genetic engineering creates isolated or distinct populations with different environmental pressures or traits, humanity might eventually split into multiple species. This would be a rare and long-term possibility, similar to how Homo sapiens diverged from other hominins .

(To be continued)