Kannada + IPT
ಅ (a) = a in “car.”
ಆ (aa) = a in “father.”
ಐ (ai) = ai in “kite.”
ಏ (ee) = ay in “say.”
ಏ (ba) = b in “bat.”
ಏ (bha) = bh (Aspirated “b,” similar to the “bh” in Hindi “bhaji”).
ಚ (cha) = ch in “chat.”
ಛ (chha) = Aspirated “ch,” similar to the “chh” in “chhaap” (Hindi word).
ದ (da) = d in “dog.”
ಧ (dha) = dh ( Aspirated “d,” similar to the “dh” in Sanskrit “dharma”).
ಡ (ḍa) = d (Retroflex “d,” similar to “ḍ” in Hindi “ḍal”).
ಢ (ḍha) = d (Aspirated retroflex “d,” similar to “ḍh” in Hindi “ḍhokla”).
ಎ (e) = e in “pen.”
ಈ (ii) = ee in “bee.”
ಗ (ga) = g in “go.”
ಘ (gha) = gh (Aspirated “g,” similar to the “gh” in “ghost.”)
ಹ (ha) = h in “hat.”
ವಿಸರ್ಗ (visarga) = h (an aspirated sound, similar to “h.”)
ಇ (i) = i in “it.”
ಜ (ja) = j in “jump.”
ಝ (jha) = jh (Aspirated “j,” similar to the “jh” in Hindi “jhoom”).
ಜ್ಞ (jña) = jnya (A combination of “ಜ” (ja) and “ಞ” (nya).)
ಕ (ka) = k in “kite.”
ಕ (kha) = kh (Aspirated “k,” similar to the “kh” in “khaki.”)
ಕ್ಷ (kṣha) = ksha (A combination of “ಕ” (ka) and “ಷ” (ṣha).)
ಲ (la) = l in “lip.”
ಳ (ḷa) = l (Retroflex “l,” similar to “ḷ” in Marathi “kaḷa”).
ಮ (ma) = m in “man.”
ನ (na) = n in “no.”
ಣ (ṇa) = n (Retroflex nasal sound.)
ಙ (nga) = nga (a nasal sound.)
ಞ (nya) = ny (a nasal sound, similar to “ny” in “canyon.”
ಅನುಸ್ವಾರ (anusvara) = ng (a nasal sound, similar to the “ng” in “song.”)
ಒ (o) = o in “pot.”
ಓ (oo) = o in “go.”
ಊ (uu) = oo in “food.”
ಔ (au) = ou in “out.”
ಪ (pa) = p in “pen.”
ಫ (pha) = ph (Aspirated “p,” similar to the “ph” in “phone.”)
ರ (ra) = r in “rat.”
ಋ (ru) = r in “riddle.”
ಸ (sa) = s in “sun.”
ಶ (sha) = sh in “shoe.”
ಷ (ṣha) = sh as “ṣh”.
ತ (ta) = t in “top.”
ಥ (tha) = th (Aspirated “t,” similar to the “th” in “thin.”)
ಟ (ṭa) = t (Retroflex “t,” pronounced with the tongue against the roof of the mouth.)
ಠ (ṭha) = t (Aspirated retroflex “t,” similar to the “ṭh” in Hindi “ṭhaṭha”).
ಉ (u) = u in “p
ut.”
ವ (va) = v in “very.”
ಯ (ya) = y in “yes.”
ಅವಗ್ರಹ (avagraha) = Indicates the elision of a vowel, similar to an apostrophe in English.
ಹಲಂತ (halanta) = Used to indicate the absence of an inherent vowel.