Words or phrases with multiple possible meanings, requiring context for interpretation.

Words with opposite meanings, such as “hot” and “cold.”

The idea is that the relationship between a word and its meaning is not inherently logical but conventional.

Words that tend to occur together, like “strong coffee” or “take a shower.”

Emotional or cultural associations linked to a word, influence its meaning.

Substituting a mild or indirect expression for a harsh or blunt one, like saying “passed away” instead of “died.”

Whole entities of which the term is a part, like “forest” is a holonym of “tree.”

Words that share the same spelling or pronunciation but have different meanings, like “bat” (flying mammal) and “bat” (equipment used in sports).

Words pronounced the same but with different meanings, like “flower” and “flour.”

Words that are more specific than a general term, e.g., “rose” is a hyponym of “flower.”

Words that are more specific than a general term, e.g., “rose” is a hyponym of “flower.”

Words that are more general than a specific term, e.g., “fruit” is a hypernym of “apple.”

Expressions with meanings not deducible from their words, like “kick the bucket” meaning to die.

Parts of a whole, such as “finger” is a meronym of “hand.”

Figurative use of a word to convey a different meaning, such as “time is money.”

A word with multiple related meanings, like “bank” (financial institution or the side of a river).

A word that is formed by combining the sounds and meanings of two or more words, creating a new word with a blended meaning. For examle: smog = smoke + fog, hangry = hungry + angry, brunch = breakfast + lunch, motel = motorway + hotel, spork = spoon + fork, podcast = ipod + brordcast, workholic = work + alcoholic. infomercial + information + commercial, and edutanment = education + entertainment, etc.

Central and peripheral examples of a category, where some members are more prototypical than others.

Variations in language based on context or formality, lead to words having different meanings in different registers.

Words with similar meanings, like “happy” and “joyful.”