Li-dong (noun) 立冬 (Chinese): Beginning of winter (19th solar term), literally in Chinese “li” 立 = stand, “dong” 冬 = winter. 

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In the ancient Chinese calendar,  Li-dong is one of the 24 solar terms which later spread to many Asian countries. Li-dong is the 19th solar term of the Chinese lunar calendar. Li-dong begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 225° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 240°.  Li-dong often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 225°. In the Gregorian calendar, Li-dong usually begins around November 7 and ends around November 22. 

The ancient Chinese character “dong” 冬 (Winter) also means the “end”, which refers to the end of the field operation for the year. During Li-dong, Chinese people start to keep their harvested crops for the winter. Li-dong shows the beginning of the winter. In ancient times, Li-dong was divided into three periods of 5 days: “the first five days 水始冰 water starts turning to ice; the second period 地始冻 the soil begins to freeze; at the third five days 雉入大水为蜃 you don’t see wild geese. On Li-dong, Chinese people like to eat dumplings.

Since ancient times, Li-dong has been a solar term for agricultural purposes in the lunar calendar. Li-dong is still remembered and celebrated as a Chinese traditional festival.