What are bilingual education theories?(5)

13. Functional Bilingualism

• Key Idea: Focuses on the practical use of languages in specific contexts (e.g., workplace, home, school).
• Implications: Tailor programs to develop language skills needed for specific purposes, such as academic achievement or community engagement.

14. Linguistic Relativity and Identity

• Key Idea: Language shapes thought and cultural identity. Bilingual education can strengthen students’ cultural ties and self-esteem.
• Implications: Programs should value and incorporate students’ linguistic and cultural identities into the curriculum.

15. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in Bilingualism

• Key Idea: Learners acquire new skills through interaction within their ZPD, where they can achieve more with support than independently.
• Implications: Teachers should scaffold instruction in both languages, gradually reducing support as students gain proficiency.

16. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

• Key Idea: Language is learned alongside content knowledge (e.g., teaching science in L2).
• Implications: Combine academic content with language development to create authentic, meaningful learning experiences.

These theories collectively emphasize the importance of supporting both languages in a bilingual learner’s education, recognizing cognitive, social, and cultural benefits.