What are language pedagogical theories?(2)

5. Interactionist Theory

• Key Idea: Interaction between speakers (e.g., negotiation of meaning) is crucial for language development.
• Pedagogical Application:
  • Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT): Learners work on tasks that require meaningful communication.
  • Emphasis on feedback and modification of language output.

6. Krashen’s Input Hypothesis

• Key Idea: Language is acquired through comprehensible input that is slightly above the learner’s current level (“i+1”).
• Pedagogical Application:
  • Focus on exposure to understandable language in a low-stress environment.
  • De-emphasizes grammar instruction in favor of natural language acquisition.

7. Universal Grammar (UG)

• Key Idea: All humans have an innate capacity for language learning based on shared principles of grammar.
• Pedagogical Application:
  • Encourages teachers to focus on activating innate abilities rather than explicit rule teaching.

8. Emergentism

• Key Idea: Language learning emerges from the interaction of the brain’s general cognitive processes and the environment.
• Pedagogical Application:
  • Exposure to varied language input.
  • Encourages pattern recognition through extensive reading and listening.

(To be continued)