What are secondary (derived) civilizations? (3)(Africa)

There are several examples of derived civilizations in Africa, which have been influenced by earlier civilizations and cultural exchanges. Here are a few examples:

Axumite Civilization:

The Axumite civilization emerged in the region of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea around the 1st century CE. It was influenced by earlier civilizations such as the Kingdom of Kush and the trading networks of the Red Sea. Axum became a major center of trade and culture, blending indigenous traditions with influences from Egypt, Arabia, and the Mediterranean.

Swahili Civilization:

The Swahili civilization developed along the East African coast, particularly in present-day Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. It emerged from interactions between indigenous Bantu-speaking peoples and traders from the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and India. Swahili culture is characterized by its unique language, architecture, trade networks, and Islamic influences.

Great Zimbabwe Civilization:

The Great Zimbabwe civilization flourished in present-day Zimbabwe between the 11th and 15th centuries. It was influenced by earlier Bantu-speaking peoples and trade networks connecting the interior of Africa with the Swahili coast and the Indian Ocean. Great Zimbabwe was a center of trade, agriculture, and stone architecture, with its ruins serving as a testament to its cultural and economic significance.

Mali and Songhai Empires:

The Mali and Songhai Empires, located in the Sahel region of West Africa, emerged in the medieval period and were influenced by earlier civilizations such as Ghana and the Trans-Saharan trade networks. These empires thrived on trade, particularly in gold, salt, and other commodities, and became centers of Islamic scholarship, culture, and governance.

Kongo Kingdom:

The Kongo Kingdom, located in present-day Angola, Congo, and Democratic Republic of Congo, emerged in the 14th century and was influenced by interactions with neighboring Bantu-speaking peoples, as well as Portuguese explorers and traders. The kingdom became a hub of trade, diplomacy, and cultural exchange, blending indigenous traditions with Christianity and European influences.

These examples highlight the rich diversity of derived civilizations in Africa, which have emerged from complex interactions between indigenous cultures, external influences, and historical developments. Each civilization has its unique characteristics, contributions, and legacies in African history and culture.