What are secondary (derived) civilizations? (6)(Oceania)(2)
Globalization and Contemporary Oceania:
In the modern era, Oceania continues to be shaped by globalization, tourism, and cultural exchange. Indigenous cultures interact with global trends,
the concept of derived civilizations in the context of Oceania, specifically Australia and New Zealand, is indeed closely tied to European colonization and globalization. These regions do not have ancient derived civilizations in the same way as other parts of the world because their significant cultural and societal transformations occurred relatively recently, primarily due to European influence.
Australia and New Zealand: European Colonization and Globalization
Australia:
Indigenous Cultures: Before European colonization, Australia was inhabited by diverse Indigenous peoples with rich cultures, languages, and traditions. These societies had complex social structures and a deep connection to the land.
European Colonization: European colonization began in earnest with the arrival of the British First Fleet in 1788, establishing a penal colony in New South Wales. Over time, British colonization spread across the continent, leading to significant changes in the social, political, and economic landscape.
Cultural Transformation: The colonization process brought about profound changes, including the displacement of Indigenous populations, the introduction of European legal and political systems, and the development of new economic activities based on agriculture, mining, and trade. Modern Australian society emerged as a result of these transformations.
New Zealand:
Maori Culture: Prior to European contact, New Zealand was inhabited by the Maori, who had their own distinct culture, language, and societal organization. The Maori society was organized into tribes (iwi) and sub-tribes (hapu) with a rich oral tradition and a deep connection to the land and sea.
European Colonization: European exploration of New Zealand began in the 17th century, but significant contact and colonization started in the early 19th century. The Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840 between the British Crown and various Maori chiefs, marked the beginning of formal British colonization.
Cultural Transformation: British colonization led to significant demographic, social, and economic changes in New Zealand. The introduction of European legal systems, land ownership concepts, and economic activities reshaped the societal structure. Modern New Zealand society reflects this blend of MÄori and European influences.
Globalization’s Role
In both Australia and New Zealand, globalization has played a crucial role in shaping contemporary society. The movement of people, ideas, goods, and cultural practices has contributed to the multicultural and dynamic nature of these countries. Globalization has facilitated economic development, technological advancement, and cultural exchange, further integrating these regions into the global community.
Conclusion
Australia and New Zealand exemplify how European colonization and globalization have led to the development of modern societies in Oceania. These regions do not have ancient derived civilizations in the traditional sense, but their contemporary cultural landscapes are deeply influenced by the legacies of colonization and the ongoing processes of globalization.